Cross-presentation
New immunotherapy of non–Hodgkin's lymphoma - based on cross-presentation of antigen
Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) have developed a new method of immunotherapy that helps stop the development of particularly aggressive and intractable blood cancer.
The method is based on the cross-presentation of the antigen. During a normal presentation, immune cells called dendritic cells capture an antigen (a foreign component) and present it to T-lymphocytes, as a result of which the latter begin to recognize the antigen and attack the carriers of the latter. The antigen is presented together with the molecules of the histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of dendritic cells. Intracellular antigens are usually associated with MHC class I, and extracellular antigens are associated with MHC class II.
In cross-presentation, intracellular antigens are presented as extracellular. For the treatment of a difficult–to–treat type of blood cancer - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - the researchers used a number of stimulants. One of them causes dendritic cells to migrate to malignant tissues, the other promotes the presentation of antigens, which in this case are markers of lymphoma.
The vaccine trial involved 11 patients in the late stages of cancer progression. As a result, the therapy increased the activity of T-lymphocytes and caused immune reactions away from the vaccination site. In addition, experiments on mice demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of the procedure when combined with the checkpoint inhibition method. The proportion of remission of the disease in this case increased from 40 to 80 percent.
Immune control points are compounds that prevent the activation of T-lymphocytes. They are necessary to prevent immune cells from attacking the body's own tissues. However, their presence makes it difficult to fight cancer tumors.
Article by Hammerich et al. Systematic clinical tumor regressions and potency of PD1 blockade with in situ vaccination is published in the journal Nature Medicine.
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