Overcome aging. Part I.
Who got the evolutionary jackpot?
- Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus – 200
- Aleutian sea bass, Sebastes aleutianus – 205
- European proteus, Proteus anguinus – 102
- Carolina box turtle, Terrapene carolina – 138
(turtles Chrysemys picta and Emydoidea blandingii also live more than 60 years) Other long-lived animals
- Tardigrade, Tardigrade ("water bear")
- ** – 120 (in suspended animation)Galapagos tortoise, Chelonoidis elephantopus – >170
- Aldabra giant turtle, Aldabrachelys gigantea – 200-250
- Hatteria (tuatara), Sphenodon punctatus – >111
- Blue-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna – presumably 116
- Major Mitchell's cockatoo (cockatoo inca) Lophochroa leadbeateri – >82
- Dark–backed albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis - >63
- Asian elephant, Elephas maximus – 86
- Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus – 211
- Killer whale, Orcinus orca – 104
- Brandt's moth, Myotis brandtii – >41
- Naked digger, Heterocephalus glaber – >32
- * The phenomenon of negligible aging is also characteristic of the plant world (this is without taking into account clonal organisms).
For example, specimens of the intermountain spinous pine Pinus longaeva have been found, living without functional problems for about 5000 years or even longer. This is the eighth organism included in the AnAge list. Potentially immortal modularly organized animals (for example, sponges and colonial coelenterates) with unprecedented regeneration abilities are not taken into account in the table [29].** The temporary acquisition of viability (the ability to move their legs) by slow–moving microscopic primary–born animals from the Ecdysozoa supertype after 120 years of dehydration is described, but they can fully function after 10 years of suspended animation. The aging of the tardigrade is shrouded in darkness (it lives in favorable conditions for several months), but the mechanisms of its indestructibility by extreme environmental factors (for example, the hyperproduction of antioxidants) are of considerable interest for gerontology.
- loss of cell mass, tissue atrophy; aged and no longer dividing cells resistant to death;
- cancer cells (as the only significant product of chromosomal mutations);
- mutations of mitochondrial DNA;
- rigidity of the extracellular matrix (loss of gel-like consistency due to protein crosslinking);
- intracellular aggregates ("garbage");
- extracellular aggregates.
- Biotechnological approaches to solving these problems have also been proposed [28]. However, SENS is a flexible strategy, engineering approaches will change depending on new information. Despite the fact that Aubrey de Grey's project greatly annoys some respectable gerontologists, the existing level of knowledge does not allow us to recognize SENS as an erroneous strategy.Figure 2. Active fighters with death: Aubrey de Grey (left) and Michael Rose (right)
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