Pharmaceutical and biomedical biotechnologies
Results of the international scientific and practical conference
"Pharmaceutical and biomedical biotechnologies"
Great interest among the guests of the conference was aroused by the section "Biotechnology of genetically engineered producers", within which the medical director of the Institute of Human Stem Cells (ISC), CMN, Roman Vadimovich Deev made a report "Gene therapy drugs: from development to market entry (using the example of the first domestic gene therapy drug "Neovasculgen").
Neovasculgen® is a drug whose mechanism of action opens up a new approach in the treatment of ischemia – the use of an evolutionarily programmed process of formation and growth of blood vessels. This mechanism of action is called therapeutic angiogenesis. The drug is a ring plasmid carrying the human VEGF-165 gene encoding the synthesis of vascular endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor). By stimulating the growth of collateral vessels, Neovasculgen® is designed to have a long-term therapeutic effect and improve the quality of life of patients. According to clinical studies, the therapeutic effect after a course of Neovasculgen® lasts up to 2 years. The HSCC received a registration certificate for Neovasculgen® on December 7, 2011 (No. LP-000671). On March 22, the section "Cellular technologies in Medicine" was held within the framework of the symposium.
Vasiliev A.V. from the N.K. Koltsov Research Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow in the report "Stem cells: prospects for application in biomedical practice" spoke about the plasticity of stem cells, which is understood as their ability to transdifferentiate. A population of cells expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers was found in the amniotic fluid, which was put into the general concept of epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation of postnatal stem cells. The transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into urotheliocytes has been experimentally shown. The research is embodied in a number of clinical tissue engineering areas: the creation of dermal equivalents and their analogues for the reconstruction of the skin and, in particular, the urethra.
Sukhoi G.T. from the Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after him. Academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow presented the report "Cellular technologies in the correction of human reproductive functions" in which he focused on the possibility of restoring follicular tissue with the help of oocyte stem cells, which is relevant for women of late reproductive age.
Yu.A. Romanov from the Federal State University of the Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex of the Ministry of Health of the SR of the Russian Federation in the report "Cord blood cells: yesterday, today, tomorrow" spoke about the results of cord blood stem cell transplants for the treatment of brain injuries, cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease in patients. Clinical studies were conducted on the basis of leading Russian research institutes and showed, for example, improvement of physical activity in patients with paresis, and restoration of speech in patients with aphasia. Cord blood stem cell transplants in patients with schizophrenia have led to a steady improvement in mental activity indicators (volume of daily activity, memory, learning ability, ability to concentrate, etc.) up to the age norm.
Kozlov V.A. from the Research Institute of Clinical Immunology SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, began his report "Problems of targeted correction of functional activity of stem cells in vitro" with statistics showing that 50% of bone marrow transplants are ineffective. The reasons for such figures, according to the authors, are not so much in the pathology of the recipient bed - the bone marrow stroma, as in the cellular pathology of donor multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) contained in bone marrow transplants. Data on the pathology of cells obtained from donors with various diseases were presented, and a comparison of MMSCs from different sources was made: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, etc. Researchers are confident that before transplantation, donor bone marrow cells should be "cured" in vitro. Kozlov V.A. emphasized the need to introduce a new specialty "doctor – cellular biotechnologist" and expressed confidence that "cellular technologies in medicine are comparable to the energy of a peaceful atom in the Russian economy."
Within the framework of the symposium, the X International Specialized Exhibition "The World of Biotechnology 2012" was held, at which the journal "Cell Transplantology and Tissue Engineering", published by the Institute of Human Stem Cells, was presented.
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02.04.2012