IPSC from a donor
The first transplant of donor induced stem cells was performed
Anna Stavina, XX2 century, based on Nature News: David Cyranoski, Japanese man is the first to receive 'reprogrammed' stem cells from another person.
A resident of Japan became the first person to receive an injection of donor induced pluripotent stem cells. Surgeons expect that in the future the scope of application of such cells will expand. In terms of adaptability, donor stem cells are comparable to embryonic ones, but their use does not cause ethical controversy. The appearance of cell banks could make the stem cell transplantation procedure more convenient and at the same time reduce its price. In addition, elderly people usually need a transplant, and over the years genetic abnormalities accumulate in the cells, which increases the risk of complications after transplantation. The use of young donor cells could also solve this problem.
Donor induced pluripotent stem cells are cells obtained from an adult (for example, from the skin) and then "reprogrammed" to return to the embryonic state. Subsequently, such "germ" cells can be transformed into cells of a certain type necessary for the treatment of a particular disease.
In preparation for the procedure, which a resident of Hyogo Prefecture in Japan underwent at the age of 60, the skin cells of an anonymous donor were turned into retinal cells. Then the doctors transplanted the resulting cells onto the patient's retina – he suffered from age-related macular degeneration. Experts hope that the procedure will help stop the progression of the disease, which can lead to blindness.
In September 2014 , at the Medical Center of the General Practice Hospital in Kobe (Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital) a resident of Japan has already undergone a similar procedure. But then the cells were derived from her own skin. It was also planned to transplant these cells to another patient, but genetic abnormalities were found in them, and the procedure was abandoned. In February 2017 the researchers reported that the patient feels well. The transplanted cells survived, and there was no further deterioration of vision characteristic of macular degeneration.
It is planned to include 5 patients in the new study, during which donor cells were transplanted to an elderly man. Since the donor cells are not identical to the cells of the patients who need them, there is a certain risk of rejection. But Shinya Yamanaka, a scientist who received the Nobel Prize in 2012 for the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, is fighting to ensure that the cells stored in banks are suitable enough for recipients. Yamanaka is currently launching a stem cell bank in which a suitable donor will be selected by comparing three genes of the main human histocompatibility complex. The latter is a complex of proteins on the cell surface that initiates an immune response. To date, the Bank of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Regenerative Medicine (iPS Cell Stock for Regenerative Medicine) stores cell lines obtained from one donor. But the bank's employees hope that by March 2018 they will be able to create 5-10 histocompatibility-typed cell lines. This number of lines should be sufficient to cover 30-50% of the Japanese population.
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30.03.2017