Synthetic life
* – Read about the large-scale project "Human Genome", its results and prospects of the post-genomic era: "Human Genome: how it was and how it will be" [1]. – Ed.
* – New methods of reading DNA are described in the articles "454-sequencing (high–performance DNA pyrosequencing)" [2], "Sequencing of single cells (version - Metazoa)" [3] and "A method for analyzing gene expression at the level of individual cells has been developed" [4], and about the problems associated with increasing the pace of sequencing of complete human genomes (including in Russia), – in the review "The Code of life: to read does not mean to understand" [5]. – Ed.
* – Articles about the diversity of fluorescent proteins and their use in biological research are: "The Fluorescent Nobel Prize in Chemistry" [8], "Fluorescent proteins: more diverse than you thought!" [9], "Let's draw a "living cell" [10]. – Ed.
* – This is described in detail in the articles "The first living being with a synthetic genome was created" [21] and "Life in the era of synthetic life" [22]. – Ed.
* – This term refers to the effects on gene expression that do not affect the sequence of DNA nucleotides. Epigenetic modifications of chromatin simply determine how hereditary information should be "read" – which genes should be silent and which ones should work: "Development and epigenetics, or the story of the minotaur" [26], "Histone rolls, rolls to DNA" [27]. These modifications are sometimes no less significant for human health than mutations that violate the primary structure of DNA: "Epigenetic clock: how old is your methylome?" [28], "Epigenetics of behavior: how does grandma's experience affect your genes?" [29], "Pills for the epigenome" [30]. – Ed.
* – Now genetic engineers can operate not only "the old-fashioned way" – in vitro, but also directly in living objects. The editing systems ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9, based on the site-specific action of nucleases in vivo, have become particularly popular: "And should we take a swing at... genome modification?" [36], "CRISPR systems: immunization of prokaryotes" [37], "Mutagenic chain reaction: genome editing on the verge of fiction" [38]. However, this does not mean that the apocalypse is just around the corner – control, control and many more times control (and at the legislative level) has not been canceled. But the victory over many severe ailments (and old age?) it can promise. – Ed.
- how it was and how it will be";biomolecule: "454-sequencing (high-performance DNA pyrosequencing)";
- Biomolecule: "Sequencing of single cells (version – Metazoa)";
- Biomolecule: "A method for analyzing gene expression at the level of individual cells has been developed";
- biomolecule: "The code of life: to read does not mean to understand";
- biomolecule: "The meanings of "life"";
- Gardner T.S., Cantor C.R., Collins J.J. (2000).
- Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature. 403, 339–342;Biomolecule: "Fluorescent Nobel Prize in Chemistry";
- Biomolecule: "Fluorescent proteins: more diverse than you thought!";
- biomolecule: ""Let's draw a "living cell";
- Website of the Synthetic Biology Research and Laboratory community;
- Mushegian A. (1999).
- The minimal genome concept. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9, 709–714;Zhang L.Y., Chang S.H., Wang J. (2010).
- How to make a minimal genome for synthetic minimal cell. Protein Cell. 1, 427–434;Mushegian A.R., Koonin E.V. (1996).
- A minimal gene set for cellular life derived by comparison of complete bacterial genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93, 10268–10273;Langridge G.C., Phan M.D., Turner D.J., Perkins T.T., Parts L., Haase J. et al.
- (2009). Simultaneous assay of every Salmonella Typhi gene using one million transposon mutants. Genome Res. 19, 2308–2316;Ji Y., Zhang B., Van S.F., Horn, Warren P., Woodnutt G. et al.
- (2001). Identification of critical staphylococcal genes using conditional phenotypes generated by antisense RNA. Science. 293, 2266–2269;Gil R., Silva F.J., Peretό J., Moya A. (2004).
- Determination of the core of a minimal bacterial gene set. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68, 518–537;Gibson D.G., Benders G.A., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Denisova E.A., Baden-Tillson H., Zaveri J. et al.
- (2008). Complete chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium genome. Science. 319, 1215–1220;biomolecule: "Hand-assembled genome";
- Gibson D.G., Glass J.I., Lartigue C., Noskov V.N., Chuang R.Y., Algire M.A. et al. (2010).
- Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science. 329, 52–56;Elements: "The first living being with a synthetic genome has been created";
- biomolecule: "Life in the era of synthetic life";
- Galdzicki M., Clancy K.P., Oberortner E., Pocock M., Quinn J.Y., Rodriguez C.A. et al. (2014).
- The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) provides a community standard for communicating designs in synthetic biology. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 545–550;Juhas M. (2015).
- On the road to synthetic life: the minimal cell and genome-scale engineering. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 7, 1–8;biomolecule: "Synthetic chromosome";
- Biomolecule: "Development and epigenetics, or the story of the Minotaur";
- biomolecule: "Rolling, rolling to DNA histone";
- Biomolecule: "Epigenetic clock:
- how old is your methylome?";Biomolecule: "Epigenetics of behavior:
- how does grandma's experience affect your genes?";biomolecule: "Pills for the epigenome";
- Klein J., Heal J.R., Hamilton W.D., Boussemghoune T., Tange T.Ø., Delegrange F. et al. (2014).
- Yeast synthetic biology platform generates novel chemical structures as scaffolds for drug discovery. ACS< Synth. Biol. 3, 314–323;biomolecule: "Bacteria–oil destructors for bioremediation of sandy loam soils of the Voronezh region";
- Biomolecule: "Limits of bioavailability of hydrocarbons in soils";
- Hammer D.A., Kamat N.P. (2012).
- Towards an artificial cell. FEBS Lett. 586, 2882–2890;Zhu T.F., Szostak J.W. (2009).
- Coupled growth and division of model protocell membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 5705–5713;Biomolecule: "And whether we should take a swing at...
- genome change?";Biomolecule: "CRISPR systems: immunization of prokaryotes";
- Biomolecule: "Mutagenic chain reaction: genome editing on the verge of fiction".
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