The two-faced "guardian of the genome"
The traitor protein, designed to protect against cancer, provokes tumor growth
Sergey Kolenov, Hi-tech+
The p53 protein protects the genome from dangerous mutations. However, if the tumor does occur, it promotes its growth, according to American scientists. Now p53 is considered as a promising option for therapy.
The p53 protein is sometimes called the "guardian of the genome" for its role in preventing cancer. However, a new study by scientists from the University of California, San Diego, casts doubt on the reputation of p53. According to their data, in some cases this protein can contribute to the development of cancer.
The researchers, whose work is reported in the press release Opposite Effect: Protein Widely Known to Fight Tumors Also Boosts Cancer Growth, drew attention to the following paradox. Mutations of the gene encoding p53 are found in 50% of all cancers, but in some cancers, for example, liver cancer, they are very rare.
To explain this phenomenon, scientists have been studying malignant liver cells for four years. As a result, they found that in some cases p53 can promote tumor growth by enhancing its metabolism. The "guardian of the genome" acts on the PUMA protein, which works inside the mitochondria, and switches them to glycolysis, an alternative way of energy production. This stimulates the development of malignant cells.
Scientists confirm that the ability of p53 to limit oxidative phosphorylation protects the genome from mutations. However, if the tumor has developed, the protein "goes to the dark side" and helps it grow.
However, the p53 is always based on the same principle.
P53 is considered a promising compound for the development of cancer drugs. However, a new study shows that using this protein in therapy should be done with great caution.
The Israeli company AEBi promises to create a comprehensive means to fight cancer. According to its representatives, the revolutionary drug will be ready within a year.
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