Epidemiology of oncopathology
Scientists have named the most common type of cancer
The global Survey of Oncological Diseases covering 185 countries showed that among the 36 most common types of cancer, female breast cancer is the leader in morbidity, ahead of lung cancer last year. The same species has become the most diagnosed in the world. The results of the study are published in the journal of the American Cancer Society CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
The report "Global Cancer Statistics 2020", prepared by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), provides indicators of cancer morbidity and mortality at the global level, depending on gender, geography and level of socio-economic development, as well as discusses related risk factors and prevention prospects for each of the ten major cancers that account for more than 60 percent of newly diagnosed cases and have caused more than 70 percent of cancer deaths.
The report data show that every fifth inhabitant of the planet gets cancer during his lifetime, and every eighth man and every eleventh woman die from this disease. In 2020, there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and almost 10 million deaths from cancer.
The most diagnosed types were: female breast cancer with 2.3 million new cases – 11.7 percent of the total; lung cancer – 11.4 percent; colon cancer – 10 percent; prostate – 7.3 percent, and stomach - 5.6 percent.
Experts express concern that the incidence of breast cancer is increasing in countries where it has been historically low.
"Drastic changes in lifestyle and habitat have affected an increase in breast cancer risk factors, such as overweight, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, delayed childbirth, fewer births and a shortened breastfeeding period. The growing spread of these factors associated with social and economic transitions leads to a reduction in the interstate gap in the incidence of breast cancer," the authors write.
Breast cancer mortality among women in transition economies turned out to be even higher than among women in market economies – 15 and 12.8 per 100 thousand, respectively, despite significantly lower incidence rates – 29.7 and 55.9 per 100 thousand, respectively.
"Since the poor results in these countries are largely due to the late treatment of patients, efforts are urgently needed to promote early detection followed by timely and appropriate treatment," the first author of the study, Dr. Hyuna Sung, is quoted in the ACS press release.
Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death in 2020, with 1.8 million cases – 18 percent of the total number of cancer deaths. It is followed by: colorectal cancer – 9.4 percent; liver cancer – 8.3 percent; stomach – 7.7; and female breast – 6.9 percent.
Mortality from lung cancer is now 3-4 times higher in countries with market economies, compared with countries with economies in transition. But, according to the researchers, this ratio may change radically in the near future, given that today about 80 percent of smokers live in low- and middle-income countries.
The authors of the report predict that in 2040 there will be about 28.4 million new cases of cancer in the world, which is 47 percent more than in 2020.
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