"Obesity Cells"

Problems with the feeling of satiety in overweight people were explained at the cellular level

Anna Kerman, XX2 century, based on the materials of Medicalexpress: These people lack cells with satiety hormones

People suffering from severe obesity often have problems with feeling full, because their body produces fewer "satiety hormones" (cholecystokinin, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2) than in the body of people with normal weight. And scientists have managed to find out why this is happening. The point is the lack of special cells living in the gastrointestinal tract.

The results of a study on this problem were published in the publication Scientific Reports. According to the authors of the work, surgical procedures to reduce body weight can help patients suffering from excess weight and experiencing difficulties with a feeling of satiety.

The mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract is the home of the so-called enteroendocrine cells that continuously analyze the food entering the body. During a meal, these cells secrete "satiety hormones" into the bloodstream, signaling to the body that enough food has been consumed, and lunch or dinner can be completed. The feeling of satiety itself is the result of the work of the central nervous system.

In obese patients, the body produces fewer "satiety hormones" than in lean people. After undergoing bariatric surgery, for example, sleeve gastroplasty, the release of these hormones is normalized again.

A group of researchers from the Department of Biomedicine (Department of Biomedicine) of the University of Basel (German.Universität Basel) and the University Hospital of Basel (German: Universitätsspital Basel), together with colleagues from other institutions, decided to investigate the reasons for the decrease in the production of "satiety hormones". To do this, the researchers analyzed gastrointestinal tissue samples obtained from 24 people with normal body weight and 30 obese patients. Samples were taken from the latter twice, before and after a surgical operation aimed at weight loss.

Scientists working under the guidance of Dr. Bettina Wölnerhanssen were able to demonstrate that overweight people have significantly fewer enteroendocrine cells than people with normal weight. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the production of "satiety hormones" and a change in appetite. In addition, changes in the work of the so-called transcription factors responsible for the formation of enteroendocrine cells from stem cells were revealed in obese patients. After surgery, both transcription processes and the number of enteroendocrine cells were restored almost completely.

The cells that produce "satiety hormones" are marked green. Obese people have significantly fewer of them (average sample) than people with normal weight (upper sample) and those who have undergone bariatric surgery (lower sample).

"Unfortunately, obese people often face stigmatization. There is a widespread view that the main cause of obesity is a lack of self–control and discipline," Dr. Wellnerhanssen comments on the results of the study. However, in reality, there is no doubt that metabolic factors play an important role in the development of obesity. A new study has demonstrated structural differences between the upper gastrointestinal tract of people with normal weight and obese people. This may explain the problems with saturation in the latter.

Portal "Eternal youth" http://vechnayamolodost.ru  06.09.2017