The first in Russia
The first pharmacogenetic atlas of Russia includes 45 DNA markers
The first working version of the pharmacogenetic Atlas of Russia has been published. It consists of 45 frequency maps of genetic variants recognized as important in pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine.
The maps of the first pharmacogenetic atlas compiled by population geneticists and pharmacogeneticists show the distribution of 45 DNA markers in 50 populations covering 137 ethnic and subethnic groups of the population of Russia and neighboring countries. Scientists have identified three main patterns of variability: clinal variability along the east-west axis, uniform distribution and focal variability, the press service of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, whose representatives participated in the study, reported on January 27.
His results were published in the journal "Bulletin of the Russian State Medical University" (Balanovskaya et al., Cartographic atlas of the distribution of 45 pharmacogenetic markers in the population of Russia and neighboring countries).
The need to create an atlas is justified by the fact that the effect of drugs on different people is not the same, since it depends on the work of a large number of genes that pharmacogenetics studies. It is the basis of a personalized approach to treatment: clinical protocols are being developed for the selection of the drug and its dose depending on the genotype of the patient, the report says.
Pharmacogenetic analysis can be carried out not only for an individual, but also for a population: in this case, the average genotype based on the frequencies of alleles in it is taken into account. Such a forecast, taking into account the peculiarities of the population's gene pool, is better suited for its members than standard recommendations on the choice of drugs and their dosages. Therefore, if it is not possible to conduct an expensive study of the patient's genotype, it is possible to focus on the frequency of DNA markers in the ethnogeographic region from which the patient and his ancestors originate, scientists say.
Science has already known many pharmacogenetically significant markers. Genes affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs are grouped into the ADME group (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination), there are other important groups of genes – pharmacodynamic targets, hemostasis systems. The distribution of DNA markers from these three groups in Russia can be seen in the atlas.
Data on the prevalence of clinically significant genetic variants in Russian populations should help implement the developed pharmacogenetic algorithms on the territory of our country. The working version of the atlas of pharmacogenetic markers will be supplemented and improved.
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